How the atlas is built

Methodology

An atlas is only as good as its sources. This page explains where our data comes from, how we decide what to include, how we grade confidence, and — just as importantly — where the map is still incomplete.

Data Sources

Wikipedia / Wikidata

Biographical data, historical context, instrument classification, Wikipedia slugs for deep-links

Cross-referenced against primary sources where possible

MusicBrainz

Artist discographies, album metadata, track listings, recording relationships

Community-maintained; reviewed for quality before import

OpenOpus

Western Classical composer data and works catalogue — 220 composers, ~25,000 compositions, portraits, dates, and genre classification. Licensed CC0.

Curatorially maintained open dataset; high confidence for classical repertoire

Smithsonian Institution

Instrument images (Smithsonian Open Access), ethnomusicological reference data

Primary institutional source — high confidence

Internet Archive

Public-domain audio recordings, historical performance documentation

Source quality varies; items are vetted before surfacing

Editorial research

Composer biographies, tradition histories, raga/tala descriptors, Native American and underrepresented traditions

Written or reviewed by human editors; subject to ongoing correction

Data Quality Tiers

Not all records are equally reliable. We use a three-tier system to be transparent about confidence levels.

Verified

Entries marked ✦ have been cross-referenced against at least two independent sources. Biographical dates, works, and claims have been checked. These are the most reliable records in the atlas.

Reviewed

Editorial entries written or reviewed by a human editor from a single reliable source. Accurate to the best of our knowledge but not independently cross-referenced.

Imported

Records imported from open databases (MusicBrainz, Wikidata) and not yet human-reviewed. May contain errors, gaps, or outdated information. We flag these and work through them over time.

Coverage by Region

The atlas does not cover all traditions equally — and we would rather be honest about that than pretend otherwise. Here is where we stand today.

Strong
Moderate
Sparse
Planned
South AsiaHindustani, Carnatic, Qawwali, Bhajan
Strong
Western EuropeWestern Classical, Opera, Flamenco, Celtic
Strong
North Africa / LevantMaqam (Arabic), Egyptian, Andalusian
Moderate
West AfricaGriot, Afrobeat, Highlife, Mbalax
Moderate
North America (Western)Jazz, Blues, Bluegrass, Country
Moderate
East AsiaChinese Classical, Gagaku, Korean Jeongan
Expanding in v2Sparse
Southeast AsiaGamelan, Khmer, Thai Classical
Expanding in v2Sparse
Central Asia / IranPersian Classical, Mugham, Uyghur Muqam
Sparse
Latin AmericaTango, Samba, Cumbia, Son Cubano
Sparse
North America (Indigenous)Plains, Haudenosaunee, Pacific Northwest, Diné, Anishinaabe, Inuit, Powwow
Initial seed complete; expandingSparse
Eastern EuropeKlezmer, Balkan, Roma, Byzantine
Sparse
OceaniaAboriginal Australian, Māori, Pacific Islands
Planned for v3Planned

Curation Standards

We do not speculate

If a date, nationality, or biographical detail is uncertain, we omit it rather than guess. Partial information is clearly marked. We prefer honest gaps to confident errors.

We do not rank or rank-order traditions

The atlas treats a Carnatic kriti and a West African griot song as equally significant objects of study. No tradition is presented as more sophisticated, more evolved, or more worthy of attention than another.

We use the tradition's own terminology

Where a tradition has its own vocabulary — raga, tala, maqam, thaat, melakarta, anga — we use it. We provide explanations but do not replace native terms with approximations.

Living traditions get special care

For traditions that are still actively practiced and evolving, we are especially careful not to present descriptions as fixed or complete. Music is not a museum.

We link to primary sources

Where Wikipedia, Archive.org, Smithsonian, or another authoritative source has covered something well, we link out rather than reproduce it. The atlas is a map, not a destination.

Known Gaps

We would rather show you the gaps than hide them. These are areas we know need work.

Native & Indigenous American music

Sparse — expanding

An initial seed of seven traditions is now live — Plains, Haudenosaunee, Pacific Northwest, Diné, Anishinaabe, Inuit, and Contemporary Powwow — with key artists and instruments documented. Coverage remains sparse compared to the richness of these traditions; we are continuing to expand with careful attention to cultural sensitivity and publicly shared (not sacred or restricted) knowledge.

East and Southeast Asian classical traditions

Planned v2

Chinese classical (qin, pipa), Gagaku, and Gamelan traditions are present but thin. We have the data model; we need more editorial work to fill them out accurately.

Oral and non-notated traditions

Ongoing

Many of the world's richest musical traditions have no written notation and are transmitted entirely through apprenticeship. Documenting these accurately without reducing them to Western frameworks is an ongoing methodological challenge.

Living artists vs. historical figures

Ongoing

We currently skew toward well-documented historical figures. Living artists — especially from underrepresented regions — are harder to verify accurately. We add them carefully.

Audio and recordings

In progress

We link to YouTube, Spotify, and public-domain Archive.org recordings where we have them. For many traditions and older recordings this data is missing or incomplete.

Help Us Improve

The atlas is a living document. If you notice a factual error, a missing tradition, a misattributed recording, or a gap that matters to you — please tell us. Every submission is read, and many have directly improved the data.

Data model v1 · Last updated May 2026 · More regions and traditions added continuously